High performance SW module
Fully fit modules are now used in the production of high-purity water for pharmaceutical and beverage applications. Full fit means that there is no salt water seal and no dead spots and potential bacterial growth areas are created (see Figure 2.17). In addition, the chemicals can be rinsed off more quickly. In addition, it is now possible to sterilize RO membrane elements using hot water (up to 80 ° C). Other designs include the commercially available energy-efficient polyamide membrane (ESPA®) module from Hydranautics, the ultra-low pressure RO membrane (TFC-ULP®) from Dow/Film-Tec, and the large diameter, high surface area RO module. The industry standard for large diameter modules is 40 cm in diameter x 100 cm in length (nominal), with a surface area of 158 square meters, about four times that of a 20 cm diameter module (see Table 2.10). One manufacturer supplies SW modules with a diameter of 45 cm (Koch, MegaMagnum®).
Hollow fiber module
Dead-end hollow fiber modules are used for UF and MF water treatment applications. They come in two designs, pressurized and submerged